APPLIED PHYSICS: X-rays Chopped to Order

Physics Applied to Anaesthesia

Recent Applications of X Rays in Condensed Matter Physics

ince their discovery by Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, x rays «Jhave played a significant role in our lives: they make the unseen in our bodies visible; they enhance our security in air travel; they make possible nondestructive testing of a wide variety of materials. And through x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy they make it possible to probe the order of matter at the atomic level. The discovery of ...

Applied Physics

A portable modular gas sensor for measuring the 13 C/ 12 C isotopic ratio in CO 2 with a precision of 0.8%o(±1σ) was developed for volcanic gas emission studies. This sensor employed a difference frequency generation (DFG)-based spectroscopic source operating at 4.35 µm (∼ 2300 cm −1) in combination with a dual-chamber gas absorption cell. Direct absorption spectroscopy using this specially des...

Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics

The study of high energy cosmic rays is a diversified field of observational and phenomenological physics addressing questions ranging from shock acceleration of charged particles in various astrophysical objects, via transport properties through galactic and extragalactic space, to questions of dark matter, and even to those of particle physics beyond the Standard Model including processes tak...

Subject headings: galaxies: general—galaxies: spiral—X-rays: general—X-rays: galaxies—X-rays: ISM

We present results from the analysis of deep ROSAT HRI and PSPC observations of the spiral galaxy M81. The inferred total (0.5–2 keV band) luminosity of M81 is ∼ 3×10 ergs s, excluding the contribution from identified interlopers found within the D25 ellipse. The nucleus of the galaxy alone accounts for about 65% of this luminosity. The rest is due to 26 other X-ray sources (contributing ∼ 10%)...